7 Probiotics Side Effects in Dogs
Probiotics are used to promote digestive health and improve the immune system in dogs. Probiotics strengthen the dog’s gut health, promoting a more resilient immune system. Probiotics' benefits include side-effects such as digestive upset, which manifests as diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, gas, bloating, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, or changes in stool quality.
Allergic reactions are side effects of probiotics in dogs, resulting in itching, hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, or even anaphylaxis in severe cases. Increased thirst is a side-effect attributed to changes in the gut environment caused by the arrival of new bacteria.
Dogs experience changes in appetite, preferences for certain foods or flavors, or behavioral changes. Immune stimulation in dog probiotic side effects occurs when the overactive immune response periodically leads to inflammation or allergies. Overgrowth of harmful bacteria in the gut results in an imbalance in the bacterial populations within the gastrointestinal tract.
1. Digestive Upset
Digestive upset in dogs refers to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms or issues that affect a dog's digestive system.
A digestive upset occurs when new bacteria are introduced into the gut, which takes time for the dog's system to adjust. Digestive upset occasionally results from the specific strains or dosage of probiotics. Each dog reacts differently to various strains. Experiment with different products to find the one that suits a dog best. Beginning with a lower dosage and gradually increasing it helps minimize digestive upset.
A dog has digestive upset if it exhibits symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, gas, bloating, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, or changes in stool quality. The symptoms are temporary and mild in most cases. Monitor dogs closely and consult a veterinarian if the symptoms persist or worsen.
2. Allergic Reactions
Allergic reactions in dogs occur when the dog's immune system overreacts to a normally harmless substance (allergen). Dogs have allergic reactions to certain substances, including probiotics. Allergies to probiotics are rare in most breeds.
A dog has an allergic reaction to probiotics if it shows symptoms such as itching, hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, or anaphylaxis in severe cases. Seek immediate veterinary attention if a dog is suspected of suffering from an allergic reaction to probiotics.
Study the ingredients and choose probiotic products free from common allergens such as soy, wheat, dairy, or artificial additives to prevent allergic reactions in dogs. Introduce new probiotics gradually and monitor for any signs of allergies to help minimize the side-effects of probiotics in dogs.
3. Increased Thirst
Increased thirst in dogs, known as polydipsia, is a noticeable and persistent increase in the dog's water intake. Increased thirst is a sign of various underlying health issues and must be monitored closely.
Dogs experience a temporary increase in thirst after starting a probiotic regimen. The increased thirst is due to the changes in the gut environment caused by the arrival of new bacteria. Increased thirst is not a cause for concern unless it becomes excessive or is accompanied by other abnormal symptoms.
A dog has an increased thirst due to probiotics if it shows symptoms such as finishing a certain amount of liquid faster than usual after drinking a probiotic. Dog owners asking, “Can probiotics cause diarrhea in dogs?” must monitor the dog’s drinking levels. Excessive water intake after starting probiotics should result in a veterinarian visit to rule out any underlying health issues. The side effect resolves independently as the dog's body adjusts to the probiotics.
4. Change in Appetite
Change in appetite in dogs refers to alterations in their eating habits or preferences. Introducing probiotics to a dog's diet commonly results in a change in appetite. Dogs experience an increase or decrease in appetite, preferences for certain foods or flavors, or behavioral changes, which are some side effects of dog probiotics. Change in appetite is attributed to the alteration of the gut microbiome and the body's response to the new bacteria.
Consult a veterinarian to ensure there are no underlying health concerns if a dog's appetite changes significantly or persists for an extended period. Monitoring a dog's weight and well-being during the initial phase of probiotic introduction is vital to ensure they are receiving adequate nutrition.
5. Immune Stimulation
Immune stimulation enhances a dog's immune system, improving its ability to defend against pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances.
One of the benefits of probiotics is their ability to stimulate the immune system. The immune stimulation leads to an overactive immune response, resulting in inflammation or allergies. Dogs with pre-existing immune system disorders or allergies are susceptible to this probiotic side effect in dogs.
Probiotics disrupt the balance of gut flora, leading to constipation in rare cases. Introducing probiotics causes constipation in dogs, which is attributed to strains in the probiotic that slow down gut transit, the dog's digestive system reacting negatively to too high a dosage, or underlying health issues.
Consult a veterinarian if signs of excessive immune stimulation, such as increased itching, redness, inflammation, or constipation, are observed. Veterinarians help determine if the probiotics suit the dog or recommend alternative options to support their immune health.
6. Overgrowth of Harmful Bacteria
Overgrowth of harmful bacteria in the gut, or bacterial overgrowth or dysbiosis, refers to an imbalance in the bacterial populations within the gastrointestinal tract. The gut contains diverse beneficial and harmful bacteria that coexist in a balanced ecosystem. Harmful bacteria proliferate when the balance is disrupted, leading to various health problems.
The risk of overgrowth of harmful bacteria occurs if the balance of bacteria in the gut is disrupted or the dog's immune system is compromised. Introducing probiotics inadvertently creates an imbalance and allows harmful bacteria to thrive. The imbalance and overgrowth of unhealthy bacteria answer how probiotics give dogs diarrhea.
Choose high-quality probiotic products that have been tested for safety and efficacy to minimize the risk of overgrowth of harmful bacteria. Consult a veterinarian before starting a probiotic regimen, especially if the dog has a history of gastrointestinal issues or immune system disorders.
7. Interactions with Medications
Interactions with medications refer to the effects of one substance (such as a medication) on the effectiveness, metabolism, or side effects of another substance (such as another medication, supplement, or food).
Probiotics do not interact with medications the same way that drugs interact with each other. Probiotics rarely affect the absorption or metabolism of certain medications, especially antibiotics or immunosuppressants affected by gut flora or pH levels in the digestive tract. The interactions involve the medications' absorption, distribution, or elimination, reducing their effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects.
Consult a veterinarian before introducing probiotics if the dog takes any medications. Discuss the appropriate timing and dosage to avoid any interactions. Monitor the dog closely for any changes in its response to the medication after starting probiotics.
How Long Does the Side Effects of Probiotics in Dogs Last?
The duration of the side effects of probiotics in dogs last depends on several factors, including the type of probiotic, the dog's response, and the underlying reason for administering the probiotics. Side effects are mild and temporary, lasting an average of a few days to several weeks as the dog's system adjusts to the probiotics. “The gut microbiota in healthy household dogs adjusts to synbiotic supplementation within four weeks,” according to the study by Tanprasertsuk, J., Jha, A., Shmalberg, J., Jones, R., Perry, L., Maughan, H., & Honaker, R., titled “The microbiota of healthy dogs demonstrates individualized responses to synbiotic supplementation in a randomized controlled trial,” 2021.
Introducing new bacteria to the gut disrupts the balance of the existing microbiota, leading to gastrointestinal upset, including diarrhea.
Addressing the dog's discomfort and taking action depends on the specific side effects. Consider gradually reintroducing probiotics or switching to a different brand or formulation. Monitor the dog's symptoms closely and seek veterinary advice promptly if the side effects persist or worsen. A veterinarian assesses whether the probiotic is appropriate for the dog's condition. Adjusting the dosage or discontinuing use is advised if necessary.
The veterinarian investigates if other underlying health issues contribute to the side effects. Follow the veterinarian's guidance regarding probiotics or any other supplements for a dog. Remember to take quick and decisive action to ensure the dog's health and well-being.
Can Probiotics Cause Diarrhea in Dogs?
Yes, probiotics cause diarrhea in dogs when first introduced to their digestive system or if the dosage is excessive. Probiotics are safe for dogs and promote gastrointestinal health, but some dogs experience digestive upset as their bodies adjust to the new bacteria introduced by the supplement. “Probiotics containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae may have colonized parts of the bowel in dogs with prolonged use of antibiotics and probiotics, potentially causing diarrhea,” according to the study by Milner, R., Picard, J., & Tustin, R. titled "Chronic episodic diarrhoea associated with apparent intestinal colonisation by the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida famata in a German shepherd dog,” 1997.
Diarrhea is one potential side effect of dog probiotics. The condition is a temporary issue that resolves independently as the dog's digestive system adapts. Consult a veterinarian if the diarrhea persists or becomes severe. The vet is qualified to recommend the appropriate probiotic for dogs with diarrhea and their proper administration.
Can probiotics cause constipation in dogs?
Yes, probiotics can cause constipation, but it is an uncommon dog probiotic side effect. Constipation occurs if the balance of bacteria in the gut is disrupted by the introduction of probiotics, leading to changes in bowel habits.
Some formulations of probiotics for dogs with diarrhea contain ingredients or strains that contribute to constipation in sensitive dogs. “Gut microbiota may contribute to functional constipation by modulating colonic motility, secretion, and absorption, with treatments like probiotics and traditional Chinese medicine promoting gut microbiota changes,” according to the study by Zhang, S., Wang, R., Li, D., Zhao, L., & Zhu, L. titled “Role of gut microbiota in functional constipation,” 2021. Consult a veterinarian if a dog has signs of constipation after starting a probiotic supplement.
What are Probiotics in Dogs?
Probiotics are live microorganisms that provide health benefits to the host when consumed in adequate amounts. Probiotics strengthen the immune system by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria. Probiotics restore the natural balance of bacteria in the gut, improving digestion and nutrient absorption. “Probiotics can improve the health of dogs with diarrhoea by regulating gut microbiota, increasing beneficial bacteria and reducing pathogenic bacteria,” according to the study by Xu, H., Zhao, F., Hou, Q., Huang, W., Liu, Y., Zhang, H., & Sun, Z. titled “Metagenomic analysis revealed beneficial effects of probiotics in improving the composition and function of the gut microbiota in dogs with diarrhoea,” 2019.
Probiotics harm dogs with certain health conditions, severe gastrointestinal issues, compromised immune systems, allergies, or medications. Introducing new bacteria into the gut exacerbates existing problems, so administering probiotics for dogs must consider the dog’s health. “Enterococcus faecium SF68 probiotic does not significantly alter liver function in healthy dogs, but may cause a decrease in cholesterol and increase in triglyceride concentrations,” according to the study by Lucena, R., Novales, M., Blanco, B., Hernández, E., & Ginel, P. titled “Effect of probiotic Enterococcus faecium SF68 on liver function in healthy dogs,” 2019.
How Much Probiotics Should You Give to Your Dogs?
You should give probiotics to your dogs depending on their size, age, health condition, and the specific probiotic product being used. Dog probiotic supplements come with dosage recommendations based on the dog's weight.
The best probiotic range ranges from a few billion to several billion colony-forming units (CFUs) daily. “Orally once per day at a dose of up to 5 x 1010 colony-forming units of probiotic B. animalis AHC7 for at least 12 consecutive weeks was well tolerated with no safety concerns in growing beagles,” according to the 2010 study by Kelley, R., Park, J., O’Mahony, L., Minikhiem, D., & Fix, A., titled “Safety and tolerance of dietary supplementation with a canine-derived probiotic (Bifidobacterium animalis strain AHC7) fed to growing dogs.
There is no standardized dosage for all dogs, and individual needs vary. Administering probiotics to the dog beyond the recommended dose twice daily results in gastrointestinal upset. Follow the dosage instructions provided by the manufacturer or as directed by a veterinarian to prevent probiotic side effects in dogs. Choose a probiotic product specifically for dogs, as human probiotics are unsuitable for canine consumption.
Can I Give Probiotics to Puppies with Diarrhea?
Yes, you can give probiotics to puppies with diarrhea under the guidance of a veterinarian. Diarrhea in puppies has various causes, including dietary indiscretion, infections, parasites, dietary changes, or other health issues. “Dietary probiotic Enterococcus faecium (SF68) enhances specific immune functions in young dogs, offering new opportunities for probiotics in canine nutrition,” according to the study by Benyacoub, J. et al., titled “Supplementation of food with Enterococcus faecium (SF68) stimulates immune functions in young dogs,” 2003.
Ask the veterinarian to examine the puppy to determine the cause before administering probiotics to a puppy with diarrhea. Ensure that the probiotics are appropriate for the puppy's condition. Inappropriate strain and dosage are instances in which a pet owner asks, “Can a probiotic cause diarrhea in dogs?”
Seek veterinary care if the diarrhea is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms such as lethargy, vomiting, or dehydration. Severe diarrhea in puppies leads to dehydration and other complications, so address the issue under the guidance of a veterinarian.
Why Do Dogs Have Side Effects on Probiotics?
Dogs have side effects from probiotics due to differences in initial adjustment, sensitivity, dosage, underlying health conditions, probiotic quality, and medication interactions.
The adjustment period to the probiotics occasionally leads to temporary side effects such as mild gastrointestinal upset, including gas, bloating, or changes in stool consistency. Certain dogs are sensitive or allergic to certain ingredients in probiotic supplements, such as fillers, flavorings, or other additives.
Excessive dosages of probiotics or administering them too frequently overwhelms the dog's digestive system and leads to side effects such as diarrhea or constipation. Follow dosage instructions carefully and start with a lower dose before gradually increasing it. Dogs with underlying health conditions, such as gastrointestinal disorders or compromised immune systems, are more prone to experiencing side effects from probiotics.
The quality and efficacy of probiotic supplements varies. Choosing a high-quality probiotic formulated explicitly for dogs minimizes the risk of side effects. Probiotics sometimes interact with other medications or supplements the dog takes, leading to side effects. Consult a veterinarian before giving probiotics to a dog on medication.
Side effects from probiotics in dogs are often mild and temporary. Monitor the dog's response to probiotics and consult a veterinarian if there are any concerns or if side effects persist or worsen.
How do I know My Dog Needs Probiotics?
Knowing when your dog needs probiotics depends on various factors, including its health, diet, and any specific issues it experiences. Signs that dogs need probiotics include diarrhea, constipation, gas, bloating, or irregular bowel movements.
Probiotics help regulate the dog’s digestive system and promote better gut health. Consult a veterinarian before starting probiotics if any signs are present in a dog. The vet helps determine if probiotics are appropriate for a dog's situation and recommends a suitable product and dosage. Veterinary diagnosis determines the signs that dogs need probiotics and offers personalized guidance for supporting a dog's digestive health and overall well-being.
Dogs on antibiotics experience imbalances in their gut bacteria, as antibiotics kill harmful and beneficial bacteria. Administering probiotics during or after a course of antibiotics replenishes the beneficial bacteria and supports the dog's digestive health.
Dogs experiencing stress, anxiety, or environmental changes are more prone to digestive upset. Probiotics help support their gut health during stress and contribute to overall well-being.
Switching a dog's diet or introducing new foods sometimes leads to gastrointestinal issues as their digestive system adjusts. Probiotics ease the transition and support healthy digestion.
Probiotics support the immune system, so dogs with weakened immune systems or prone to infections benefit from probiotic supplementation. Chronic health conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or food allergies, affect the balance of gut bacteria in dogs. Probiotics are recommended as part of a comprehensive treatment plan to manage the conditions.